I borrow McKinsey's Three-Horizon model from 1999. It was built for growth portfolios, and it works on AI with one change: I measure the horizons by reach instead of time. AI moves too fast for time windows to hold. How far a bet sits from your current operating model stays put.
Each horizon gets its own protected budget, its own measurement standard, and a named failure mode.
H1 · About 70% of budget
Defend the core
Workflows your business already runs. Document processing, lead routing, internal copilots. Efficiency plays on existing operations.
Failure mode: pilot purgatory. Wins that never reach production because the innovation team owns them instead of operations.
H2 · About 20% of budget
One step out
New agents on existing problems and new capabilities on the same operating model. Custom multi-agent workflows, AI-native features, vertical models.
Failure mode: stalled handoff. Builds that work in a demo and never connect to the core business.
H3 · About 10% of budget
New operating model
A new operating model, business model, or product line. Org redesign, orchestrated agents replacing whole workflows, AI-first product categories.
Failure mode: frozen bet. Ideas talked about for two years and never funded, because no one will defend them.